1906海上保險(xiǎn)法
海上保險(xiǎn)（Marine Insurance）
第1條：海上保險(xiǎn)的定義（Marine insurance defined）
A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incident to marine adventure.
海上保險(xiǎn)合同，是一種保險(xiǎn)人按照約定的方式和范圍，對(duì)與海上冒險(xiǎn)有關(guān)的海上滅失，向被保險(xiǎn)人承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的合同。
第2條 海陸混合風(fēng)險(xiǎn) （Mixed sea and land risks）
2.(1) A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.
(2) Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto；but, except by this section provided, nothing in this Act shall alter or affect any rule of law applicable to any contract of insurance other than a contract of marine insurance as by this Act defined.
(1)海上保險(xiǎn)合同，得用明示條款或經(jīng)由某種貿(mào)易習(xí)慣，擴(kuò)展保障被保險(xiǎn)人在與海上航程有關(guān)的內(nèi)河或任何陸地風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的損失。
(2)如果用海上保險(xiǎn)單格式的保險(xiǎn)單，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或類似海上冒險(xiǎn)的任何冒險(xiǎn)，本法中的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，只要是可適用者，均得適用之；但除本條規(guī)定者外，本法的任何規(guī)定，都不能改變或影響任何適用于本法規(guī)定的海上保險(xiǎn)合同以外的保險(xiǎn)合同的法律規(guī)定。
第3條 海上冒險(xiǎn)與海上危險(xiǎn)的定義（Marine adventure and maritime perils defined ）
3.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every lawful marine adventure may be the subject of a contract of marine insurance.
(2) In particular there is a marine adventure where-
(a) Any ship, goods or other movables are exposed to maritime perils. Such property is in the Act referred to as “insurable property.”
(b) The earning or acquisition of any freight, passage money, commission, profit or other pecuniary benefit, or the security for any advances, loans or disbursements, is endangered by the exposure of insurance property to maritime perils.
(c) Any liability to a third party may be incurred by the owner of, or other person interested in or responsible for, insurable property, by reason of maritime perils.
3(1) 受本法規(guī)定的制約，每一合法的海上冒險(xiǎn)得為海上保險(xiǎn)合同的標(biāo)的。
(2) 特別是以下各項(xiàng)屬于海上冒險(xiǎn)：
（a）受海上危險(xiǎn)影響的任何船舶，貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)。此種財(cái)產(chǎn)在本法中被稱為“可保財(cái)產(chǎn)”。
（b）由于保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)暴露于海上危險(xiǎn)之中而危及的任何運(yùn)費(fèi)，客票款，傭金，利潤或其他錢財(cái)上的利益，或任何預(yù)付款，貸款，或墊付費(fèi)用的擔(dān)保。
（c）保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)的所有人或其他對(duì)其有利益或有責(zé)任的當(dāng)事人由于海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的原因?qū)Φ谌疆a(chǎn)生的任何責(zé)任。”
保險(xiǎn)利益（Insurable Interest）
第4條 賭博合同無效（Avoidance of wagering or gaming contracts）
4.(1) Every contract of marine insurance by way of gaming or wagering is void.
(2) A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be a gaming or wagering contract-
(a) Where the assured has not an insurable interest as defined by this Act and the contract is entered into with no expectation of acquiring such an interest; or
(b) Where the policy is made “interest or no interest” or “without further proof of interest than the policy itself”, or “without benefit of salvage to the insurer”, or subject to any other like term.
Provided that, where there is no possibility of salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit of salvage to the insurer.
4．（1）用作賭博的海上保險(xiǎn)合同無效。
（2）海上保險(xiǎn)合同在下列情況下，被認(rèn)為是賭博合同：
(a) 被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的無本法規(guī)定的保險(xiǎn)利益，而且在締約后仍無獲得此種保險(xiǎn)利益的可能；
(b) 保險(xiǎn)單是按“無論有無保險(xiǎn)利益”， 或“除保險(xiǎn)單本身外，再無具有保險(xiǎn)利益的證明”，或“保險(xiǎn)人無救助利益”等條件，或按其他類似條件訂定的。
但是，如無救助的可能，保險(xiǎn)單可以按保險(xiǎn)人無救助利益的條件簽訂。
第5條 保險(xiǎn)利益的定義（Insurable interest defined）
5.（1）Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure.
（2） In particular, a person is interested in a marine adventure where he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.
（1）根據(jù)本法各條規(guī)定，與海上冒險(xiǎn)有利益關(guān)系的每一個(gè)人具有保險(xiǎn)利益。
（2）一個(gè)人與海上冒險(xiǎn)有利益關(guān)系，尤其是在他與該冒險(xiǎn)或處在危險(xiǎn)中的任何保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)，具有任何法律上或衡平的關(guān)系，因而若保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)安全或及時(shí)抵達(dá)他便能從中獲取利益；反之，如果保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)滅失，損壞，或被滯留或招致有關(guān)責(zé)任，他的利益將受到損害。
第6條 何時(shí)應(yīng)具有利益（When interest must attach）
6.（1）The assured must be interested in the subject-matter insured at the time of loss though he need not be interested when the insurance is effected.
（2）Where the assured has no interest at the time of the loss, he cannot acquire interest by any act or election after he is aware of the loss.
（1）雖然投保時(shí)被保險(xiǎn)人無需對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的具有利益，但在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的滅損時(shí)，他必須對(duì)其具有利益。
（2）如果被保險(xiǎn)人在滅損當(dāng)時(shí)不具有利益，他不能在他知曉該滅損后，通過任何行為或選擇而獲取利益。
第7條 可撤銷的利益或偶然的利益（Defeasible or contingent interest）
7.(1) A defeasible interest is insurable, as also is a contingent interest.
(2) In particular, where the buyer of goods has insured them, he has an insurable interest, notwithstanding that he might, at his election,
（1）可撤銷的利益是保險(xiǎn)利益，偶然的利益亦然。
（2）特別是，如貨物買方已將該批貨物保險(xiǎn)，他就對(duì)該批貨物具有保險(xiǎn)利益，盡管由于賣方交貨延誤或其他原因，致使被保險(xiǎn)人可能選擇拒收貨物，或?qū)⒇浳镆曌髻u方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
第8條 部分利益（Partial interest）
8. A partial interest of any nature is insurable.
8．任何性質(zhì)的部分利益均可承保。
第9條 再保險(xiǎn)（Re-insurance）
9(1) The insurer under a contract of marine insurance has an insurable interest in his risk, and may re-insure in respect of it.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the original assured has no right or interest in respect of such re-insurance.
9．（1）海上保險(xiǎn)合同中的保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)其承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有保險(xiǎn)利益，并可將有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)再保險(xiǎn)。
（2）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，原被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)此種再保險(xiǎn)沒有權(quán)利或利益。
第10條 （以船、貨為抵押物的）抵押貸款（Bottomry）
10. The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia has an insurable interest in respect of the loan.
10．以船、貨為抵押物的貸款方對(duì)其貸款有保險(xiǎn)利益。
第11條 船長和船員的工資（Master’s and seamen’s wages）
11. The master or any member of the crew of a ship has an insurable interest in respect of his wages.
11．船長或船員對(duì)其工資有保險(xiǎn)利益。
第12條 預(yù)付運(yùn)費(fèi)（Advance freight）
12. In the case of advance freight, the person advancing the freight has an insurable interest, in so for as much freight is not repayable in case of loss.
12．預(yù)付運(yùn)費(fèi)的人對(duì)在損失后不能收回的預(yù)付運(yùn)費(fèi)有保險(xiǎn)利益。
第13條 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)（Charges of insurance）
13. The assured has an insurable interest in the charges of any insurance which be may effect.
13．被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)其應(yīng)支付的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)具有保險(xiǎn)利益。
第14條 利益數(shù)額（Quantum of interest）
14.(1) Where the subject-matter insured is mortgaged, the mortgagor has an insurable interest in the full value thereof, and the mortgagee has an insurable interest in respect of any sum due or to become due under the
mortgage.
(2) A mortgagee, consignee, or other person having an interest in the subject-matter insured may insure on behalf and for the benefit of other persons interested as well as for his own benefit.
(3) The owner of insurable property has an insurable interest in respect of the full value thereof, notwithstanding that some third person may have agreed, or be liable, to indemnify him in case of loss.
14．（1）在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的被抵押之場(chǎng)合，抵押人對(duì)抵押物的全部價(jià)值有保險(xiǎn)利益，而抵押權(quán)人對(duì)抵押貸款合同下其所付的或應(yīng)付的有關(guān)金額有保險(xiǎn)利益。
（2）抵押權(quán)人、收貨人或?qū)ΡｋU(xiǎn)標(biāo)的有利益的其他人，除為了自已的利益外，得代表和為其他有利害關(guān)系的人的利益進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)。
（3）盡管在發(fā)生損失的情況下，某些第三者可能已同意或有義務(wù)賠償其損失，保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)的所有人對(duì)其財(cái)產(chǎn)的全部價(jià)值有保險(xiǎn)利益。
第15條 利益轉(zhuǎn)讓（Assignment of interest）
15．Where the assured assigns or otherwise parts with his interest in the subject-matter insured, he does not thereby transfer to the assignee his rights under the contract of insurance, unless there be an express or implied agreement with the assignee to that effect.
But the provisions of this section do not affect a transmission of interest by operation of law.
15．被保險(xiǎn)人若轉(zhuǎn)讓或以其他方式放棄其保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的利益，他并不因此將其保險(xiǎn)合同下的權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人，除非與受讓人訂有轉(zhuǎn)讓保險(xiǎn)權(quán)益的明示或默示協(xié)議。
但本條規(guī)定不影響因?qū)嵤┓啥l(fā)生的利益轉(zhuǎn)讓。
保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值（Insurable Value）
第16條 保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的確定（Measure of insurable value）
16. Subject to any express provision or valuation in the policy, the insurable value of the subject-matter insured must be ascertained as follows:-
(1) In insurance on ship, the insurable value is the value at the commencement of the risk, of the ship, including her outfit, provisions and stores for the officers and crew, money advanced for seamen’s wages, and other disbursements (if any) incurred to make the ship fit for the voyage or adventure contemplated by the policy, plus the charges of insurance upon the
whole:
The insurable value, in the case of a steamship, includes also the machinery, boilers, and coals and engine stores if owned by the assured, and, in the case of a ship engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for that trade:
(2) In insurance on freight, whether paid in advance or otherwise, the insurable value is the gross amount of the freight at the risk of the assured, plus the charges of insurance:
(3) In insurance on goods or merchandise, the insurable value is the prime cost of the property insured, plus the expenses of and incidental to shipping and the charges of insurance upon the whole:
(4) In insurance on any other subject-matter, the insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance.
16．除保險(xiǎn)單的明文規(guī)定或定值外，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，必須按下列規(guī)定確定：
（1）在船舶保險(xiǎn)中，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始時(shí)的船舶價(jià)值，包括船舶的裝備、全體船員的食物與其他物料、預(yù)付給船員的工資以及為使船舶適合航行于保險(xiǎn)單載明的航程或海上冒險(xiǎn)所可能產(chǎn)生的其他墊付費(fèi)用加上全部保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。
對(duì)蒸汽機(jī)船舶，船舶的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值還應(yīng)包括機(jī)器、鍋爐、被保險(xiǎn)人擁有的燃料煤和機(jī)艙物料，而如果船舶用于特殊貿(mào)易，則還需包括適合該貿(mào)易的通常裝備。
（2）在運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)中，無論運(yùn)費(fèi)是否預(yù)付，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是指被保險(xiǎn)人處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的總運(yùn)費(fèi)加上保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
（3）在貨物或商品保險(xiǎn)中，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是該保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)的成本價(jià)格，加上海運(yùn)費(fèi)和與海運(yùn)有關(guān)的費(fèi)用，及全部海運(yùn)過程中的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。
（4）在其他保險(xiǎn)中，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是保險(xiǎn)單生效時(shí)被保險(xiǎn)人處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的金額加上保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。
告知和陳述（Disclosure and Representation）
第17條 保險(xiǎn)是最大誠信（Insurance is uberrimae fidei）
17．A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith and, if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party.
17．海上保險(xiǎn)合同是建立在最大誠信基礎(chǔ)上的合同，如果任何一方不遵守最大誠信，他方可以撤消該合同。
第18條 被保險(xiǎn)人的告知（Disclosure by assured）
18.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured, and the assured is deemed to know every circumstance which, in the ordinary course of business, ought to be known by him. If the assured fails to make such disclosure, the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) Every circumstance is material, which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
(3) In the absence of inquiry the following circumstances need not be disclosed, namely:-
(a) Any circumstance which diminishes the risks;
(b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be known to the insurer. The insurer is presumed to know matters of common notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an insurer in the ordinary course of his business, as such, ought to know;
(c) Any circumstance as to which information is waived by the insurer;
(d) Any circumstance which it is superfluous to disclose by reason of any express or implied warranty.
(4) Whether any particular circumstance, which is not disclosed, be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
(5) The term “circumstance” includes any communication made to, or information received by, the assured.
18.(1) 根據(jù)本條的規(guī)定，在訂立合同前，被保險(xiǎn)人必須向保險(xiǎn)人告知其所知的一切重要情況。被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)視為知道在通常業(yè)務(wù)過程中他應(yīng)當(dāng)知曉的每一情況。若被保險(xiǎn)人未作此種告知，保險(xiǎn)人可以撤消合同。
(2) 影響謹(jǐn)慎的保險(xiǎn)人確定保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的決定或決定是否承保該項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的每一情況，即屬重要情況。
(3) 對(duì)下列情況如果保險(xiǎn)人未問及，被保險(xiǎn)人無需告知：
(a) 減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的任何情況；
(b) 保險(xiǎn)人知道或被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該知道的情況；保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)該知曉眾所周知的事情，以及他在通常業(yè)務(wù)中應(yīng)該知曉的一般情況；
(c) 保險(xiǎn)人不要求被保險(xiǎn)人告知的情況；
(d) 由于明文或默示的保證條款，被保險(xiǎn)人無需告知的事項(xiàng)。
(4) 在每一案件中，未告知的任何特別情況是否重要，屬事實(shí)問題。
(5) “情況”一詞包括送給被保險(xiǎn)人的通知和其收到的消息。
第19條 投保代理人的告知（Disclosure by agent effecting insurance）
19．Subject to the provisions of the preceding section as to circumstances which need not be disclosed where an insurance is effected for the assured by an agent, the agent must disclose to the insurer-
(a) Every material circumstance which is known to himself, and an agent to insure is deemed to know every circumstance which in the ordinary course of business ought to be known by, or to have been communicated to, him; and
(b) Every material circumstance which the assured is bound to disclose, unless it came to his knowledge too late to communicate it to the agent.
19.若由代理人為被保險(xiǎn)人投保,除按前條各款規(guī)定無需告知的各有關(guān)事項(xiàng)外,該代理人必須向保險(xiǎn)人告知:
(a) 他所知道的每一重要情況,保險(xiǎn)代理人視為知曉其在通常業(yè)務(wù)中應(yīng)當(dāng)知曉或被保險(xiǎn)人已通知他的每一情況;
(b) 及被保險(xiǎn)人有義務(wù)告知的每一重要情況,除非他得知該情況過遲,無法及時(shí)通知該代理人.
第20條 協(xié)商合同時(shí)的陳述（Representations pending negotiation of contract）
20.①Every material representation made by the assured or his agent to the insurer during the negotiations for the contract and before the contract is concluded, must be true. If it be untrue the insurer may avoid the contract.
②A representation is material which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
③A representation may be either a representation as to a matter of fact, or as to a matter of expectation or belief.
④A representation as to a matter of fact is true, if it be substantially correct, that is to say, if the difference between what is represented and what is actually correct would not be considered material by a prudent insurer.
⑤A representation as to a matter of expectation or belief is true if it be made in good faith.
⑥A representation may be withdrawn or corrected before the contract is concluded.
⑦Whether a particular representation be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
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①在協(xié)商合同期間及訂立合同前,被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人向保險(xiǎn)人作出的每一重要陳述必須真實(shí),若其不真實(shí),保險(xiǎn)人可以撤消合同.
②影響謹(jǐn)慎的保險(xiǎn)人確定保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的評(píng)價(jià)或決定是否承保該項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的陳述,即為重要陳述.
③一項(xiàng)陳述既可以是有關(guān)事實(shí),也可以是關(guān)于期望或是關(guān)于信念的陳述.
④若一項(xiàng)關(guān)于事實(shí)的陳述實(shí)質(zhì)上是準(zhǔn)確的,它便是真實(shí)的,亦即,如果陳述內(nèi)容與實(shí)際情況有差異,謹(jǐn)慎的保險(xiǎn)人并不認(rèn)為是重要的.
⑤若被保險(xiǎn)人依誠信作出期望或信念的陳述,該陳述即是真實(shí)的.
⑥陳述在訂立合同前可以撤回或更正.
⑦在每一案件中,某一特定的陳述是否重要,屬事實(shí)問題.
第21條 何時(shí)合同視為成立（When contract is deemed to be concluded）
21．A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be concluded when the proposal of the assured is accepted by the insurer, whether the policy be then issued or not and, for the purpose of showing when the proposal was accepted, reference may be made to the slip or covering note or other customary memorandum of the contract.
21．保險(xiǎn)人接受被保險(xiǎn)人的投保單后，無論當(dāng)時(shí)是否已簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單，海上保險(xiǎn)合同應(yīng)視為已經(jīng)成立；為表明該投保單何時(shí)被接受，可以參考承保條或暫保單或其他合同習(xí)慣的備忘錄。
保險(xiǎn)單（The Policy）
第22條 合同必須包含在保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)（Contract must be embodied in policy）
22. Subject to the provisions of any statute, a contract of marine insurance is inadmissible in evidence unless it is embodied in a marine policy in accordance with this Act. The policy may be executed and issued either at the time when the contract is concluded, or afterwards.
22．受任何法律規(guī)定的制約，海上保險(xiǎn)合同不能作為訴訟的證據(jù)，除非包含在符合本法的海上保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)。保險(xiǎn)單可在海上保險(xiǎn)合同成立時(shí)或以后簽發(fā)。
第23條 保險(xiǎn)單必須載明的事項(xiàng)（What policy must specify）
23. A marine policy must specify-
(1) The name of the assured, or of some person who effects the insurance on his behalf;
(2) The subject-matter insured and the risk insured against;
(3) The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the case may be, covered by the insurance;
(4) The sum or sums insured;
(5) The name or names of the insurance.
23．海上保險(xiǎn)單必須載明下列事項(xiàng)：
（1）被保險(xiǎn)人或代被保險(xiǎn)人投保的人的名稱；
（2）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的和承保險(xiǎn)別
（3）保險(xiǎn)承保的航程或期間，或同時(shí)承保航程和期間兩者，視情況而定
（4）保險(xiǎn)金額
（5）保險(xiǎn)人的名稱。
（本條第2，3，4，5款已被英國1959年《財(cái)政法》廢除。譯者注）
第24條 保險(xiǎn)人簽署（Signature of insurer）
24.(1) A marine policy must be signed by or on behalf of the insurer, provided that in the case of a corporation the corporate seal may be sufficient, but nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the subscription of a corporation to be under seal.
(2) Where a policy is subscribed by or on behalf of two or more insurers, each subscription, unless the contrary by expressed, constitutes a distinct contract with the assured.
24．（1）海上保險(xiǎn)單必須由保險(xiǎn)人或其代表簽署，假如是（保險(xiǎn)）公司出具保險(xiǎn)單，則加蓋公司印章即可；但不能把本條規(guī)定解釋為要求公司簽署加蓋印章。
（2）在保險(xiǎn)單是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上認(rèn)可保險(xiǎn)份額的保險(xiǎn)人或其代表出具之情況下，除非另有明示相反約定，每一簽署構(gòu)成與被保險(xiǎn)人的獨(dú)立合同。
第25條 航次保險(xiǎn)單和定期保險(xiǎn)單（Voyage and time policies）
25.(1) Where the contract is to insure the subject-matter at and from, or from one place to another or others, the policy is called a “voyage policy” and where the contract is to insure the subject-matter for a definite period of time the policy is called a “time policy”. A contract for both voyage and time may be included in the same policy.
((2) Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is made for any time exceeding twelve months is invalid.)
25．（1）在保險(xiǎn)合同承保保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的“在和從”或“從”某一地點(diǎn)運(yùn)送至另一地點(diǎn)或其他地點(diǎn)之場(chǎng)合，該保險(xiǎn)單稱作“航次保險(xiǎn)單”；在保險(xiǎn)合同承保保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的某一段固定期間之情況下，該保險(xiǎn)單叫做“定期保險(xiǎn)單”。同一保險(xiǎn)單可以同時(shí)承保航次和定期保險(xiǎn)的合同。
（2）（該款已廢除。譯者注）
第26條 指定標(biāo)的（Designation of subject-matter）
26(1).The subject-matter insured must be designated in a marine policy with reasonable certainty.
(2) The nature and extent of the interest of the assured in the subject-matter insured need not be specified in the policy.
(3) Where the policy designates the subject-matter insured in general terms ,it shall be construed to apply to the interest intended by the assured to be covered.
(4) In the application of this section regard shall be had to any usage regulating the designation of the subject-matter insured.
26（1）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的必須在海上保險(xiǎn)單中合理確定地標(biāo)明。
（2）被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)于保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的利益的性質(zhì)和范圍無需在保險(xiǎn)單中明確規(guī)定。
（3）在保險(xiǎn)單用一般術(shù)語標(biāo)明保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的之場(chǎng)合，應(yīng)解釋為適用于被保險(xiǎn)人意圖投保的利益。
（4）在適用本條規(guī)定時(shí)，還應(yīng)考慮制約保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的指定的任何習(xí)慣。
第27條 定值保險(xiǎn)單（Valued policy）
27.(1) A policy may be either valued or unvalued
(2) A valued policy is a policy, which specifies the agreed value of the subject-matter insured.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and the absence of fraud, the value fixed by the policy is, as between the insurer and assured, conclusive of the insurable value of the subject intended to be insured, whether the loss be total or partial.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the value fixed by the policy is not conclusive for the purpose of determining whether there has been a constructive total loss.
27.(1) 保險(xiǎn)單可以是定值保險(xiǎn)單，也可以是不定值保險(xiǎn)單。
（2）定值保險(xiǎn)單指載明保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的約定價(jià)值的保險(xiǎn)單。
（3）除本法條款另有規(guī)定外，若不存在欺騙，不論損失是全損或部分損失，保險(xiǎn)單確定的價(jià)值即為保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人之間意圖對(duì)標(biāo)的物投保的確定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值。
(4) 除保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定外，就確定是否構(gòu)成推定全損而言，保險(xiǎn)單約定的價(jià)值并非終結(jié)性的。
第28條 不定值保險(xiǎn)單（Unvalued policy）
28. An unvalued policy is a policy which does not specify the value of the subject-matter insured, but, subject to the limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable value to be subsequently ascertained, in the manner herein before specified.
28．不定值保險(xiǎn)單指未載明保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的價(jià)值的保險(xiǎn)單，但受保險(xiǎn)金額制約，按前述規(guī)定將保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值留待以后確定。
第29條 船舶預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)單（Floating policy by ship or ships）
29.(1) A floating policy is a policy which describes the insurance in general terms, and leaves the name of the ship or ships and other particulars to be defined by subsequent declaration.
(2) The subsequent declaration or declarations may be made by endorsement on the policy, or in other customary manner.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the declarations must be made in the order of dispatch or shipment. They must, in the case of goods, comprise all consignments within the terms of the policy, and the value of the goods or other property must be honestly stated, but an omission or erroneous declaration may be rectified even after loss or arrival, provided the omission or declaration was made in good faith.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where a declaration of value is not made until after notice of loss or arrival, the policy must be treated as an unvalued policy as regards the subject to matter of that declaration.
29.(1) 預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)單是指保險(xiǎn)單僅作籠統(tǒng)的規(guī)定，將船舶的名稱和其他事項(xiàng)在以后申報(bào)中確定。
（2）這種后來進(jìn)行的申報(bào)， 可用批單形式在保險(xiǎn)單上批注，也可按其他習(xí)慣方式進(jìn)行。
（3）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，申報(bào)應(yīng)按裝運(yùn)的前后依次進(jìn)行。如果是貨物，申報(bào)必須包括保險(xiǎn)單規(guī)定條件之內(nèi)的全部貨物運(yùn)輸。貨物或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，必須誠實(shí)說明，但善意的漏報(bào)或誤報(bào)，即便在發(fā)生損失或貨物抵達(dá)之后，也可以進(jìn)行更正。
（4）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，在收到損失通知或抵達(dá)之前未申報(bào)價(jià)值的情況下，對(duì)該申報(bào)的標(biāo)的物，保險(xiǎn)單應(yīng)視為不定值保險(xiǎn)單。
第30條 保險(xiǎn)單術(shù)語的解釋（Construction of terms in policy）
30.(1) A policy may be in the form in the First Schedule to this Act.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the context of the policy otherwise requites, the terms and expressions mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act shall be construed as having the scope and meaning in that Schedule assigned to them.
30,(1) 保險(xiǎn)單可按本法所附第一附件的式樣簽訂。
（2）根據(jù)本法規(guī)定，除非保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)容另有其他要求，本法所附第一附件內(nèi)的術(shù)語及措詞，應(yīng)按賦予該附件規(guī)定的詞意和范圍解釋。
第31條 待安排的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)（Premium to be arranged）
31.(1) Where an insurance is effected at a premium to be arranged, and no arrangements is made, a reasonable premium is payable.
(2) Where an insurance is effected on the terms that an additional premium is to be arranged in a given event, and that event happens, but no arrangement is made, then a reasonable additional premium is payable.
31．（1）在待安排的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)倘未確定而保險(xiǎn)業(yè)已生效之場(chǎng)合，被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)支付合理的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
（2）在某一事件發(fā)生時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)繼續(xù)有效以某一待安排的附加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)為條件之情況下，若事件發(fā)生時(shí)，倘未商定該附加保費(fèi)，則被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)支付合理的附加保費(fèi)。
重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)（Double Insurance）
第32條 重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)（Double insurance）
32.(1) Where two or more policies are effected by or on behalf of the assured on the same adventure and interest or any part thereof, and the sums insured exceed the indemnity allowed by this Act, the assured is said to be over-insured by double insurance
(2) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance-
(a) The assured, unless the policy otherwise provides, may claim payment from the insurers in such order as he may think fit, provided that he is not entitled to receive any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act;
(b) Where the policy under which the assured claims is a valued policy, the assured must give credit as against the valuation for any sum received by him under any other policy without regard to the actual value of the subject-matter insured;
(c) Where the policy under which the assured claims is an unvalued policy he must give credit, as against the full insurable value, for any sum received by him under any other policy;
(d) Where the assured receives any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act, he is deemed to hold such sum in trust for the insurers according to their right of contribution among themselves.
32．（1）當(dāng)被保險(xiǎn)人或其代表，就同一冒險(xiǎn)和利益或其中的一部分訂立了兩份以上的保險(xiǎn)單，且保險(xiǎn)金額超過本法所允許的賠償限額時(shí)，被保險(xiǎn)人即被視為因重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)而超額保險(xiǎn)。
（2）在被保險(xiǎn)人因重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)而超額保險(xiǎn)之場(chǎng)合：
(a) 除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，被保險(xiǎn)人可根據(jù)自已認(rèn)為合適的順序，依次向其保險(xiǎn)人索賠，但他所得金額不得超過本法允許的賠償限額；
(b) 如果被保險(xiǎn)人憑以索賠的保險(xiǎn)單是一份定值保險(xiǎn)單，被保險(xiǎn)人必須將其他保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下他已收取的任何數(shù)額從約定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值中扣除，無需考慮保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)際價(jià)值；
（c）如果被保險(xiǎn)人據(jù)以索賠的保險(xiǎn)單是一份不定值保險(xiǎn)單，被保險(xiǎn)人必須將其他保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下他已收取的數(shù)額從全部保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值中扣除；
(d) 若被保險(xiǎn)人得到的金額超過本法所允許的賠償額，則此種超出金額即被視為由被保險(xiǎn)人代各保險(xiǎn)人托管，由保險(xiǎn)人按他們之間的分?jǐn)倷?quán)利攤回。
各項(xiàng)保證等（Warranties, etc.）
第33條 保證的性質(zhì)（Nature of warranty）
33.(1) A warranty, in the following sections relating to warranties, means a promissory warranty, that is to say, a warranty by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.
(2) A warranty may be express or implied.
(3) A warranty, as above defined, is a condition which must be exactly complied with, whether it be material to the risk or not. If it be not so complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.
33．（1）保證（下述各條有關(guān)保證）是指允諾性的保證，即被保險(xiǎn)人保證去做或不去做某種特定事情，或履行某項(xiàng)條件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事實(shí)的特定狀態(tài)。
（2）保證可以明示或默示。
（3）按照上述定義，無論保證對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否重要，均是一種必須嚴(yán)格遵守的條件。如果被保險(xiǎn)人不如此遵守之，除非保險(xiǎn)單另有明示規(guī)定，從被保險(xiǎn)人違反保證之日起，保險(xiǎn)人解除責(zé)任，但不妨礙在違反保證之前產(chǎn)生的任何責(zé)任。
第34條 何時(shí)可免除違反保證（When breach of warranty excused）
34.（1）Non-compliance with a warranty is excused when, by reason of a change of circumstances, the warranty ceases to be applicable to the circumstances of the contract, or when compliance with the warranty is rendered unlawful by any subsequent law.
(2) Where a warranty is broken, the assured cannot avail himself of the defence that the breach has been remedied, and the warranty complied with, before loss.
(3) A breach of warranty may be waived by the insurer.
(1) 由于情況變化，保證不再適用于合同情況，或遵循該保證被任何后來的法律視為非法等情況下，不遵循該保證可以免責(zé)。
(2) 如果一項(xiàng)保證已被破壞，則被保險(xiǎn)人不能以在發(fā)生損失前違反已得到彌補(bǔ)，保證已得到遵守的理由為自已辯護(hù)。
(3) 保險(xiǎn)人可以放棄保證的違反。
第35條 明示保證（Express warranties）
35.(1) An express warranty may be in any form of words from which the intention to warrant is to be inferred.
(2) An express warranty must be included in, or written upon, the policy, or must be contained in some document incorporated by reference into the policy.
(3) An express warranty does not exclude an implied warranty, unless it be inconsistent therewith.
35．(1) 明示保證可以用任何形式的文字說明保證意圖。
(2) 明示保證必須包含在或?qū)戇M(jìn)保險(xiǎn)單，或包括在并入保險(xiǎn)單的某些文件之中。
(3) 除非明示保證與默示保證相抵觸，明示保證不排除默示保證。
第36條 中立保證（Warranty of neutrality）
36.(1) Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be
preserved during the risk.
(2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract.
36．（1）在保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場(chǎng)合，存在一項(xiàng)默示條件，即在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始時(shí)，該項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)應(yīng)為中立性質(zhì)，而且在被保險(xiǎn)人能控制的范圍內(nèi)，在整個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間應(yīng)保持這種中立性質(zhì)。
（2）在船舶明文保證中立之情況下，亦存在一項(xiàng)默示條件，即在被保險(xiǎn)人能控制的范圍內(nèi)，該船舶應(yīng)適當(dāng)備齊各種證件；亦即，該船舶必須攜帶表明其中立性質(zhì)的必要文件，并不得偽造或隱匿證件或使用假文件。
對(duì)因違反此項(xiàng)條件所產(chǎn)生的任何損失，保險(xiǎn)人可以解除合同。
第37條 無默示船籍保證（No implied warranty of nationality）
37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk.
37．關(guān)于船舶的國籍不存在默示保證，也不存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間其船籍不變的默示保證。
第38條 完好安全保證（Warranty of good safety）
38. Where the subject-matter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day.
38．在被保險(xiǎn)人保證保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在某一特定日期內(nèi)保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情況下，只要保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在該日期的任何時(shí)候處于安全狀態(tài)便已足夠。
第39條 船舶適航保證（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship）
39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured.
(2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port.
(3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage.
(4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured.
(5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.”
39（1）在航次保險(xiǎn)單中有一項(xiàng)默示保證，即在為承保的特定海上冒險(xiǎn)之目的而開始其航次當(dāng)時(shí)，船舶應(yīng)適航。
（2）保險(xiǎn)單訂立時(shí)若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一項(xiàng)默示保證，即在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始時(shí)，船舶應(yīng)合理適宜面對(duì)該港口的通常危險(xiǎn)。
（3）在保險(xiǎn)單有關(guān)的航次分不同階段履行之場(chǎng)合，在各個(gè)階段中，船舶需要不同種類的裝備或進(jìn)一步準(zhǔn)備，有一項(xiàng)默示保證，在每一階段開始時(shí)，為各該階段之目的，船舶就有關(guān)此種準(zhǔn)備或裝備是適航的。
（4）船舶在所有方面合理適宜面對(duì)承保的海上冒險(xiǎn)中通常海上危險(xiǎn)，即被視為適航。
（5）在船舶定期保險(xiǎn)單中，不存在船舶在海上冒險(xiǎn)的任何階段應(yīng)當(dāng)適航的默示保證，但若被保險(xiǎn)人私謀，將處于不適航狀態(tài)下的船舶派出海，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)可歸因于不適航的任何損失不負(fù)責(zé)任。
第40條 無貨物適航的默示保證（No implied warranty that goods are seaworthy）
（1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy.
(2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the destination contemplated by the policy.”
（1）在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的保險(xiǎn)單中，不存在該貨物或動(dòng)產(chǎn)適航的默示保證。
（2）在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的航次保險(xiǎn)單中，存在著一項(xiàng)默示保證：在船舶航次開始當(dāng)時(shí)，不僅船舶本身適航，而且船舶還合理適宜運(yùn)送貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)至保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的目的地。
第41條 合法保證（Warranty of legality）
There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner.
有一項(xiàng)承保的海上冒險(xiǎn)是合法的默示保證，且就被保險(xiǎn)人所能控制的問題而言，該海上冒險(xiǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)以合法的方式進(jìn)行。
航程（The Voyage）
第42條 關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始的默示條件（Implied condition as to commencement of risk）
42.(1) Where the subject-matter is insured by a voyage policy ‘a(chǎn)t and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be commenced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so commenced the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition.
42．（1）在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的是按“在和從”或“從”某一特定地點(diǎn)開始的航次保險(xiǎn)單承保之場(chǎng)合，在簽訂該合同時(shí)，該船無需在該指定地點(diǎn)，但有一項(xiàng)默示條件，即該冒險(xiǎn)應(yīng)在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)開始，如果該冒險(xiǎn)未在該時(shí)間內(nèi)開始，保險(xiǎn)人可以撤銷合同。
（2）通過證明延遲是由于保險(xiǎn)人在簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同之前已知道的情況造成的，或證明保險(xiǎn)人已放棄該默示條件，該默示條件可以被否定。
第43條 啟航港的變更（Alteration of port of departure）
43. Where the place of departure is specified by the policy, and the
ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk
does not attach.
43．在保險(xiǎn)單已明確規(guī)定了啟航地之情況下，船舶未從該地而是從任何其他地點(diǎn)啟航，保險(xiǎn)單不承保該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
第44條 駛往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination）
44. Where the place destination is specified in the policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach.
44．若保險(xiǎn)單已明確規(guī)定了目的港，但船舶不駛往該目的港，而駛往任何其他目的港時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)單不承保該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
第45條 改變航程（Change of voyage）
45.(1) Where, after the commencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time when the determination to change it is manifested; and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs.
45．（1）如果在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始后，船舶自愿地改變保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的目的港，即構(gòu)成航程變更。
（2）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，如存在航程變更，保險(xiǎn)人自該變更之時(shí)起，亦即，自變更決定被證明之時(shí)起，即免除責(zé)任；至于船舶發(fā)生滅失當(dāng)時(shí)可能事實(shí)上尚未偏離保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的航線則無關(guān)緊要。
第46條 繞航（Deviation）
46.(1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage contemplated by the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of deviation, and it is immaterial that the ship may have regained her route before any loss occurs.
(2) There is a deviation from the voyage contemplated by the policy –
Where the course of the voyage is specifically designated by the policy, and that course is departed from; or
Where the course of the voyage is not specifically designated by the policy, but the usual and customary course is departed from.
(3) The intention to deviate is immaterial; there must be a deviation in fact to discharge the insurer from his liability under the contract.
46．（1）如果在無合法理由的情況下，船舶自保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的航線繞航，保險(xiǎn)人自該繞航之時(shí)起解除責(zé)任，船舶在任何損失發(fā)生前可能已回到原航線無關(guān)緊要。
（2）下列情形即屬自保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的航線繞航在保險(xiǎn)單已明確規(guī)定了航程航線的情況下，船舶駛離該航線；
在保險(xiǎn)單未明確規(guī)定航程的航線之場(chǎng)合，船舶駛離通常和習(xí)慣的航線
（3）繞航的意圖無關(guān)緊要，必須有繞航的事實(shí)，保險(xiǎn)人方可解除合同項(xiàng)下的責(zé)任。
第47條 數(shù)個(gè)卸貨港（Several ports of discharge）
47.-(1) Where several ports of discharge are specified by the policy, the ship may proceed to all or any of them, but, in the absence of any usage of sufficient cause to the contrary, she must proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in the order designated by the policy. If she does not there is a deviation.
(2) Where the policy is to ‘ports of discharge,’ within a given area, which are not named, the ship must, in the absence of any usage or sufficient cause to the contrary, proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in their geographical order. If she does not there is a deviation.
47．（1）如果保險(xiǎn)單載明數(shù)個(gè)卸貨港，船舶可以駛往全部或其中任何一個(gè)港口，但若沒有相反的習(xí)慣或充分的理由，船舶必須按照保險(xiǎn)單定明的次序，順序駛經(jīng)各個(gè)港口或其中幾個(gè)港口。如果船舶違反上述次序，即構(gòu)成繞航。
（2）若保險(xiǎn)單載明某個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)的“卸貨港口”，但未載明港名，在沒有相反的習(xí)慣或充足的理由的情況下，船舶必須按照地理上的遠(yuǎn)近順序駛抵各港口或其中幾個(gè)港口。如船舶違反該次序，即構(gòu)成繞航。
第48條 航程延遲（Delay in voyage）
48. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable dispatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time when the delay became unreasonable.
48．在航次保險(xiǎn)單的情況下，承保航程在整個(gè)過程中必須合理迅速地完成，如果不能如此完成又無合法的理由，保險(xiǎn)人自延遲成為不合理之時(shí)起解除責(zé)任。
第49條 獲準(zhǔn)繞航或延遲（Excuses for deviation or delay）
49.(1) Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excused-
(a) Where authorized by any special term in the policy; or
(b) Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer; or
(c) Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty; or
(d) Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or
subject-matter insured; or
(e) For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or
(f) Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship; or
(g) Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.
(2) When the cause excusing the deviation or delay ceases to operate, the ship must resume her course, and prosecute her voyage, with reasonable dispatch.”
49.（1） 船舶在完成保險(xiǎn)單載明的航程中，下述繞航或延遲是許可的：
(a) 保險(xiǎn)單中特殊條款授權(quán)者；
(b) 船長或其雇員不能控制的情況造成的；
(c) 為遵循明示或默示保證所合理必要的；
(d) 為船舶或保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的安全所合理必要的；
(e) 為救助人命或?yàn)榫茸o(hù)有人命危險(xiǎn)的遇難船舶；
(f) 為船上任何人員合理地及時(shí)得到內(nèi)、外科治療所合理必要的；
(g) 如果“船長、船員欺詐惡行”是承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，由于船長或船員的欺詐惡行造成的。
(2) 一旦允許繞航或遲延的理由終止，船舶必須合理快速地回復(fù)其原航線并完成其航程。
保險(xiǎn)單的轉(zhuǎn)讓（Assignment of Policy）
第50條 何時(shí)及如何轉(zhuǎn)讓保險(xiǎn)單（When and how policy is assignable）
“50.-(1) A marine policy is assignable unless it contains terms expressly prohibiting assignment. It may be assigned either before or after loss.
(2) Where a marine policy has been assigned so as to pass the beneficial interest in such policy, the assignee of the policy is entitled to sue thereon in his own name; and the defendant is entitled to make any defence arising out of the contract which he would have been entitled to make if the action had been brought in the name of the person by or on behalf of whom the policy was effected.
(3) A marine policy may be assigned by endorsement thereon or in other customary manner.
50.（1）除非保險(xiǎn)單中明文規(guī)定禁止轉(zhuǎn)讓，海上保險(xiǎn)單可以在損失發(fā)生前或發(fā)生后轉(zhuǎn)讓。
（2）在海上保險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)讓，以便轉(zhuǎn)移此種保險(xiǎn)單中的利益之場(chǎng)合，保險(xiǎn)單的受讓人有權(quán)以自已的名義起訴，被告有權(quán)援用該合同引起的任何抗辯，好像訴訟是由訂立保險(xiǎn)單的人或代表他提起的一樣。
（3）海上保險(xiǎn)單可以用在保險(xiǎn)單上背書或用其他習(xí)慣方式轉(zhuǎn)讓。
第51條 無保險(xiǎn)利益者不能轉(zhuǎn)讓保險(xiǎn)單（Assured who has no interest cannot assign）
51. Where the assured has parted with or lost his interest in the subject-matter insured, and has not, before or at the time of so doing, expressly or impliedly agreed to assign the policy, any subsequent assignment of the policy is inoperative;
Provided that nothing in this section affects the assignment of a policy after loss.
51．在被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的已經(jīng)沒有或喪失利益，且在此之前或當(dāng)時(shí)未明示或默示同意轉(zhuǎn)讓保險(xiǎn)單之情況下，則隨后保險(xiǎn)單的任何轉(zhuǎn)讓均屬無效。
但本條規(guī)定不影響在發(fā)生損失之后的保險(xiǎn)單轉(zhuǎn)讓。
保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)（The Premium）
第52條 何時(shí)繳付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)（When premium payable）
52．Unless otherwise agreed, the duty of the assured or his agent to pay the premium, and the duty of the insured to issue the policy to the assured or his agent, are concurrent conditions, and the insurer is not bound to issue the policy until payment or tender of the premium.
52．除非另有協(xié)議，被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的義務(wù)，與保險(xiǎn)人向被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單的義務(wù)是對(duì)流條件，在支付或提交保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)之前，保險(xiǎn)人沒有義務(wù)簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單。
第53條 通過經(jīng)紀(jì)人訂立的保險(xiǎn)單（Policy effected through broker ）
53．（1）Unless otherwise agreed, where a marine policy is effected on behalf of the assured by a broker, the broker is directly responsible to the insurer for the premium, and the insurer is directly responsible to the assured for the amount which may be payable in respect of losses, or in respect of returnable premium.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed, the broker has, as against the assured, a lien upon the policy for the amount of the premium and his charges in respect of effecting the policy; and, where he has dealt with the person who employs him as a principal, he has also a lien on the policy in respect of any balance on any insurance account which may be due to him from such person, unless when the debt was incurred he had reason to believe that such person was only an agent.
53．(1) 除非另有約定，在海上保險(xiǎn)單是由經(jīng)紀(jì)人代表被保險(xiǎn)人辦理之場(chǎng)合，該經(jīng)紀(jì)人應(yīng)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人就該保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)承擔(dān)直接責(zé)任，關(guān)于因滅失應(yīng)付之賠償或可退還的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)向被險(xiǎn)人直接負(fù)責(zé)。
(2) 除非另有約定，經(jīng)紀(jì)人就其繳納的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和他代辦投保的費(fèi)用，對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人享有留置保險(xiǎn)單的權(quán)利；經(jīng)紀(jì)人如果同作為雇主雇用他的人打交道，而在保險(xiǎn)賬目中該人有應(yīng)當(dāng)支付他的余額時(shí)，他也有留置保險(xiǎn)單的權(quán)利，除非這種債務(wù)產(chǎn)生時(shí)，他有理由相信此種人只是一個(gè)代理人。
第54條 收據(jù)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)單的效果（Effect of receipt on policy）
54．Where a marine policy effected on behalf of the assured by a broker acknowledges the receipt of the premium, such acknowledgment is, in the absence of fraud, conclusive as between the insurer and the assured, but not as between the insurer and broker.
54．如果海上保險(xiǎn)單由經(jīng)紀(jì)人代表被保險(xiǎn)人訂立，確認(rèn)收到保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的收據(jù)，在沒有欺詐的情況下，此種確認(rèn)在保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人之間是確證，但在保險(xiǎn)人與經(jīng)紀(jì)人之間不是最終證明。
滅失及委付（Loss and Abandonment）
第55條 保險(xiǎn)和除外滅失（Included and excluded losses）
55.(1) Included and excluded losses Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, but, subject as aforesaid, he is not liable for any loss which is not proximately caused by a peril insured against.
(2) In particular-
(a) The insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to the willful misconduct of the assured, but, unless the policy otherwise provides, he is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, even though the loss would not have happened but for the misconduct or negligence of the master or crew;
(b) Unless the policy otherwise provides , the insurer on ship or goods is not liable for any loss proximately caused by delay, although the delay be caused by a peril insured against;
(c) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is not liable for ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage and breakage, inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured, or for any loss proximately caused by rats or vermin, or for any injury to machinery not proximately caused by maritime perils.
55、承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及除外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
(1)本法規(guī)定及除保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定外，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作為近因而導(dǎo)致的任何損失承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任，但是，如前所述，保險(xiǎn)人將不對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并非近因而導(dǎo)致的任何損失承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任。
(2) 尤其是-
(a) 保險(xiǎn)人不承擔(dān)由被保險(xiǎn)人惡意行為所導(dǎo)致的任何損失，但除非保單另有規(guī)定，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)直接導(dǎo)致的任何損失承擔(dān)責(zé)任，盡管若非船長或船員的惡意行為或疏忽該損失將不會(huì)發(fā)生；
(b) 除非保單另有規(guī)定，船舶險(xiǎn)或貨物險(xiǎn)保險(xiǎn)人將不對(duì)由遲延直接導(dǎo)致的任何損失承擔(dān)責(zé)任，盡管該遲延是由承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所引起；
(c) 除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，對(duì)通常磨損、滲漏和破裂，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的固有缺陷或特性，或者鼠害或蟲害造成的任何損失，或者不是海上危險(xiǎn)造成的機(jī)器損壞，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
第56條 部分損失和全損（Partial and total loss）
56.(1) a loss may be either total or partial. Any loss other than total loss, as hereinafter defined, is a partial loss.
(2) A total loss may be either an actual total loss, or a constructive total loss.
(3) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the policy, an insurance against total loss includes a constructive, as well as an actual, total loss.
(4) Where the assured brings an action for a total loss and the evidence proves only a partial loss, he may, unless the policy otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss.
(5) Where goods reach their destination in specie, but by reason of obliteration of marks, or otherwise, they are incapable of identification, the loss, if any, is partial, and not total.”
56.(1) 損失可以為全損或部分損失。任何非本法下文所規(guī)定的全損的損失，為部分損失。
(2) 全損可以為實(shí)際全損，或者推定全損。
(3) 除非保險(xiǎn)單條款另有不同的意思，全損險(xiǎn)除承保實(shí)際全損外，還承保推定全損。
(4) 被保險(xiǎn)人提出全損訴訟請(qǐng)求，而證據(jù)證明僅為部分損失的，除保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定外，他可以索賠部分損失。
(5) 貨物以原有品種抵達(dá)目的地，只是由于標(biāo)識(shí)之涂擦或者其他原因而無法識(shí)別的，該損失，如果有的話，是部分損失而非全損。
第57條 實(shí)際全損（Actual total loss）
57.(1) Where the subject-matter is destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured, or where the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there is an actual total loss.
(2) In the case of an actual total loss no notice of abandonment need be given.
57．(1) 當(dāng)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的完全滅失，或者損壞程度嚴(yán)重到不再是與原保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的類似的事物，或者被保險(xiǎn)人無可挽回地喪失了該保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的者，構(gòu)成實(shí)際全損。
(2) 發(fā)生實(shí)際全損的，無須發(fā)送委付通知。
第58條 船舶失蹤（Missing ship）
58．Missing ship-Where the ship concerned in the adventure is missing, and after the lapse of a reasonable time no news of her has been received, an actual total loss may be presumed.
58．船舶失蹤－如果在海上冒險(xiǎn)中有關(guān)的船舶失蹤，在一段合理的時(shí)間過后，仍未收到任何消息，則可推定為實(shí)際全損.
第59條 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的效果（Effect of transshipment, etc.）
59 .Where, by a peril insured against, the voyage is interrupted at an intermediate port or place, under such circumstances as, apart from any special stipulation in the contract of affreightment, to justify the master in landing and re-shipping the goods or other movables, or in transshipping them, and sending them on to their destination, the liability of the insurer
continues notwithstanding the landing or transshipment.
59．如果由于承保危險(xiǎn)使航程在中途港或中途某地中斷，除了運(yùn)輸合同中的任何特殊規(guī)定之外，在船長有將貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)卸下及重裝，或轉(zhuǎn)船運(yùn)往其目的港的正當(dāng)理由的情況下，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)繼續(xù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任，盡管發(fā)生了該卸岸或轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。
第60條 推定全損的定義（Constructive total loss defined）
60.(1)Subject to any express provision in the policy, there is a constructive total loss where the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable, or because it could not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure which would exceed its value when the expenditure had been incurred.
(2)In particular, there is a constructive total loss-
(i) Where the assured is deprived of the possession of his ship or goods by a peril insured against, and (a) it is unlikely that he can recover the ship or goods, as the case may be, or (b) the cost of recovering the ship or goods, as the case may be, would exceed their value when recovered; or
(ii) In the case of damage to a ship, where she is so damaged by a peril insured against, that the cost of repairing the damage would exceed the value of the ship when repaired.
In estimating the cost of repairs, no deduction is to be made in respect of general average contributions to those repairs payable by other interests, but account is to be taken of the expense of future salvage operations and of any future general average contributions to which the ship would be liable if repaired; or
(iii) In the case of damage to goods, where the cost of repairing the damage and forwarding the goods to their destination would exceed their value on arrival.
60.(1) 除保險(xiǎn)單另有明文規(guī)定外，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的因其全部損失看起來不可避免，或者為避免實(shí)際全損所需的費(fèi)用將超過其本身價(jià)值的原因而被合理放棄的，即構(gòu)成推定全損。
(2) 尤其在下列情況下，構(gòu)成推定全損：
(i) 因承保危險(xiǎn)使被保險(xiǎn)人喪失對(duì)其船、貨的占有，并且(a) 按照情況，被保險(xiǎn)人不大可能收回船舶和貨物，或者(b) 依據(jù)情況，收回船、貨的費(fèi)用將超過其收回后的價(jià)值；或
(ii) 船舶受損的，因承保危險(xiǎn)使船舶所受損壞嚴(yán)重到修理船損的費(fèi)用將超過修理后船舶的價(jià)值的情況。
在估算修理費(fèi)用時(shí)，由其他利益方支付的修理費(fèi)用的共同海損分?jǐn)傤~不應(yīng)被扣除，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)把將來的救助費(fèi)用以及船舶如經(jīng)修繕即應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)的共同海損分?jǐn)傤~計(jì)算在內(nèi)；
(iii) 貨物受損的，修理受損貨物以及將貨物續(xù)運(yùn)到目的地的費(fèi)用，將超過貨物到達(dá)目的地時(shí)的價(jià)值的情況。
第61條 推定全損的效果（Effect of constructive total loss）
61. Where there is a constructive total loss the assured may either treat the loss as a partial loss, or abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer and treat the loss as if it were an actual total loss
61.若發(fā)生推定全損，被保險(xiǎn)人可以將其視為部分損失，也可以把保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的委付給保險(xiǎn)人，將該損失視為如同實(shí)際全損一樣。
第62條 委付通知（Notice of abandonment）
“62(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, where the assured elects to abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer, he must give
notice of abandonment. If he fails to do so the loss can only be treated as
a partial loss”
(2) Notice of abandonment may be given in writing, or by word of mouth,
or partly by word of mouth, and may be given in any terms, which indicate
the intention of the assured to abandon his insured interest in the
subject-matter insured unconditionally to the insurer.
(3) Notice of abandonment must be given with reasonable diligence after
the receipt of reliable information of the loss, but where the information
is of a doubtful character the assured is entitled to a reasonable time to
make inquiry.
(4) Where notice of abandonment is properly given, the rights of the
assured are not prejudiced by the fact that the insurer refuses to accept
the abandonment.
(5) The acceptance of abandonment may be either express or implied from
the conduct of the insurer, The mere silence of the insurer after notice is
not an acceptance.
(6) Where notice of abandonment is accepted the abandonment is
irrevocable. The acceptance of the notice conclusively admits liability for
the loss and the sufficiency of the notice.
(7) Notice of abandonment is unnecessary where, at the time when the
assured received information of the loss, there would be no possibility of
benefit to the insurer if notice were given to him.
(8) Notice of abandonment may be waived by the insurer.
(9) Where an insurer has re-insured his risk, no notice of abandonment
need be given by him.”
62(1)
除本條另有規(guī)定外，被保險(xiǎn)人選擇將保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的委付給保險(xiǎn)人的，必須發(fā)送委付通知。被保險(xiǎn)人未發(fā)送委付通知的，損失只能視為部分損失。
(2)
委付通知可以以書面形式或口頭形式或者部分書面、部分口頭形式發(fā)出，被保險(xiǎn)人可以以任何措詞，表明其愿意將保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)利益無條件地委付給保險(xiǎn)人。
(3)
委付通知必須在得到損失的可靠消息后，合理而謹(jǐn)慎地發(fā)送，但是消息存在可疑之處的，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)此進(jìn)行查詢。
(4) 適當(dāng)發(fā)出委付通知后，保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付的事實(shí)，不影響被保險(xiǎn)人的權(quán)利。
(5)
保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)于委付的接受可以明示，也可以以行動(dòng)默示。保險(xiǎn)人在收到委付通知后僅保持沉默，不構(gòu)成對(duì)委付的接受。
(6)
委付通知書一經(jīng)接受，委付便不能撤回。保險(xiǎn)人接受委付通知，即表明最后承認(rèn)對(duì)損失負(fù)責(zé)和通知有效。
(7)
被保險(xiǎn)人得到損失消息時(shí)，如果向保險(xiǎn)人發(fā)出委付通知，保險(xiǎn)人已無獲益可能的，則無需發(fā)出委付通知。
(8) 保險(xiǎn)人可以放棄發(fā)出委付通知的權(quán)利。
(9) 保險(xiǎn)人將其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)再保險(xiǎn)的，該保險(xiǎn)人無需發(fā)出委付通知。”
第63條 委付的效果（Effect of abandonment）
63.(1) Where there is a valid abandonment the insurer is entitled to
take over the interest of the assured in whatever may remain of the
subject-matter insured, and all proprietary rights incidental thereto.
(2) Upon the abandonment of a ship, the insurer thereof is entitled to
any freight in course of being earned, and which is earned by her subsequent
to the casualty causing the loss, less the expenses of earning it incurred
after the casualty; and, where the ship is carrying the owner’s goods, the
insurer is entitled to a reasonable remuneration for the carriage of them
subsequent to the casualty causing the loss.”
63. (1)
如果委付有效，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)接管被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的一切剩余利益，以及與其有關(guān)的所有財(cái)產(chǎn)利益。
(2)
從委付船舶時(shí)起，船舶保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)得到正在賺取和在引起損失的事故發(fā)生后船舶收取的任何運(yùn)費(fèi)，減去在引起損失發(fā)生的事故后為獲得該運(yùn)費(fèi)所支付的費(fèi)用；如果船舶裝載的是船舶所有人的貨物，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)收取在引起損失發(fā)生的事故后運(yùn)輸貨物的合理報(bào)酬。”
部分損失（Partial Losses）
第64條 單獨(dú)海損（Particular average loss）
64.(1) A particular average loss is a partial loss of the subject-matter
insured, caused by a peril insured against, and which is not a general
average loss.
(2) Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or
preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and
salvage charges, are called particular charges,
Particular charges are not included in particular average.
64.（1）單獨(dú)海損損失是指某種承保危險(xiǎn)造成的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的部分損失，其并非共同海損損失。
（2）除共同海損和救助費(fèi)用外，由被保險(xiǎn)人或代表被保險(xiǎn)人，為保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的安全或保存保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用，叫做特別費(fèi)用。
特別費(fèi)用不包括在單獨(dú)海損內(nèi)。
第65條 救助費(fèi)用（Salvage charges）
65.(1) Subject to any express provision in the policy, salvage charges
incurred in preventing a loss by perils insured against may be recovered as
a loss by those perils.
(2) ‘salvage charges’ means the charges recoverable under maritime law
by a salvor independently of contract. They do not include the expenses of
services in the nature of salvage rendered by the assured or his agents, or
any person employed for hire by them, for the purpose of averting a peril
insured against. Such expenses, where properly incurred, may be recovered as
particular charges or as a general average loss, according to the
circumstances under which they were incurred.
65．（1）除保險(xiǎn)單另有明確規(guī)定外，為防止承保危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生以致造成損失而產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用可以像承保危險(xiǎn)造成的損失一樣得到賠償。
（2）“救助費(fèi)用”系指非合同救助人根據(jù)海商法可主張的的費(fèi)用。救助費(fèi)用不包括被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人或其雇傭的其他人為避免承保危險(xiǎn)而提供具有救助性質(zhì)的服務(wù)所支出的費(fèi)用。此種費(fèi)用的支出如屬正當(dāng)，則應(yīng)根據(jù)提供服務(wù)的具體情況而將其作為特別費(fèi)用或共同海損損失得到補(bǔ)償。
第66條 共同海損（General average loss）
66(1) A general average loss is a loss caused by or directly
consequential on a general average act. It includes a general average
expenditure as well as a general average sacrifice.
(2) There is a general average act where any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is voluntarily and reasonably made or incurred in time of peril
for the purpose of preserving the property imperiled in the common
adventure.
（3）“When there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls
is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by maritime law, to a ratable
contribution from the other parties interested, and such contribution is
called a general average contribution.
（4）“Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has incurred a general average expenditure, he may recover from the insurer
in respect of the proportion of the loss which falls upon him; and, in the
case of a general average sacrifice , he may recover from the insurer in
respect of the whole loss without having enforced his right of contribution
from the other parties liable to contribute.
（5）subject to any express provision in the policy , when the assured
has paid, or is liable to pay, a general average contribution in respect of
the subject insured, he may recover therefor from the insurer.
（6）In the absence of express stipulation, the insurer is not liable
for any general average loss or contribution where the loss was not incurred
for the purpose of avoiding, or in connection with the avoidance of , a
peril insured against.
（7）Where ship, freight and cargo, or any two of those interests, are
owned by the same assured, the liability of the insurer in respect of
general average losses and contributions is to be determined as if those
subjects were owned by different persons.”
66．（1）共同海損損失是由共同海損行為造成的或其直接后果所致的損失。它包括共同海損犧牲和共同海損費(fèi)用。
（2）在危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生時(shí)，為保護(hù)共同冒險(xiǎn)（同一航程）中處于危險(xiǎn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)，如果有意而合理地作出或產(chǎn)生任何特殊犧牲或費(fèi)用，即構(gòu)成共同海損行為。
（3）若發(fā)生共同海損損失，根據(jù)海商法規(guī)定的條件，遭受損失的一方有權(quán)從其他利益方得到比例分?jǐn)偅@種分?jǐn)偡Q為共同海損分?jǐn)偂?
（4）除保險(xiǎn)單另有明確規(guī)定外，被保險(xiǎn)人遭受的共同海損費(fèi)用，可以按其承擔(dān)的損失比例，從保險(xiǎn)人處獲得賠償，而對(duì)于共同海損犧牲，被保險(xiǎn)人無須先請(qǐng)求其他利益方進(jìn)行分?jǐn)偅纯蓮谋ｋU(xiǎn)人處獲得全部損失的賠償。
（5）除保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定外，在被保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)支付或有責(zé)任支付有關(guān)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的共同海損分?jǐn)倳r(shí)，他可以從保險(xiǎn)人處得到相應(yīng)的賠償。
（6）在無明文規(guī)定時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)不是為了避免承保危險(xiǎn)或與此有關(guān)的共同海損損失和共同海損分?jǐn)偛回?fù)責(zé)任。
（7）如果船舶、運(yùn)費(fèi)和貨物，或者其中任何兩種利益屬于同一被保險(xiǎn)人，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)共同海損損失及分?jǐn)偹?fù)的責(zé)任，如同上列利益由不同所有人享有一樣。
賠償限額（Measure of Indemnity）
第67條 保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)損失的責(zé)任范圍（Extent of liability of insurer for loss）
67. (1) The sum which the assured can recover in respect of a loss on a
policy by which he is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy by which he
is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy to the full extent of the
insurable value, or, in the case of a valued policy to the full extent of
the valued fixed by the policy, is called the measure of indemnity.
(2) Where there is a loss recoverable under the policy, the insurer, or
each insurer if there be more than one, is liable for such proportion of the
measure of indemnity as the amount of his subscription bears to the value
fixed by the policy in the case of a valued policy, or to the insurable
value in the case of an unvalued policy.
67．（1）被保險(xiǎn)人在其保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下能得到的損失賠償叫做賠償限額。對(duì)不定值保險(xiǎn)單，賠償限額是保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的全部保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值；對(duì)定值保險(xiǎn)單，賠償限額是保險(xiǎn)單中的約定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值。
（2）在損失根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)單可以得到賠償之場(chǎng)合，保險(xiǎn)人（或兩個(gè)以上的保險(xiǎn)人中的任何一個(gè)）按其對(duì)保險(xiǎn)單所認(rèn)可的數(shù)額同保險(xiǎn)單約價(jià)值（就定值保險(xiǎn)單而言）或同可保價(jià)值（就不定值保險(xiǎn)單而論）的比例賠付賠償限額。
第68條 全損（Total loss）
68. Subject to the provisions of this Act and to any express provisions
in the policy, where there is a total loss of the subject-matter insured-
(1) If the policy be a valued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
sum fixed by the policy;
(2) If the policy be an unvalued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the subject-matter insured.
68. 除本法另有規(guī)定和保險(xiǎn)單另有明文規(guī)定外，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生全損的，
(1) 如果保險(xiǎn)單是定值保險(xiǎn)單，賠償范圍是保險(xiǎn)單所確定的數(shù)額。
(2) 如果保險(xiǎn)單是不定值保險(xiǎn)單，賠償范圍是保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的可保價(jià)值。
第69條 船舶的部分損失（Partial loss of ship）
69. Where a ship is damaged, but is not totally lost, the measure of
indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:-
（1） Where the ship has been repaired, the assured is entitled to the
reasonable cost of the repairs, less the customary deductions, but not
exceeding the sum insured in respect of any one casualty;
（2） Where the ship has been only partially repaired, the assured is
entitled to the reasonable cost of such repairs, computed as above, and also
to be indemnified for the reasonable depreciation, if any, arising from the
unrepaired damage, provided that the aggregate amount shall not exceed the
cost of repairing the whole damage, computed as above;
（3） Where the ship has not been repaired, and has not been sold in her
damaged state during the risk, the assured is entitled to be indemnified for
the reasonable depreciation arising from the unrepaired damage, but not
exceeding the reasonable cost of repairing such damage, computed as above.
69.船舶遭受損壞，但不是全部損失的，除保險(xiǎn)單另有明文規(guī)定外，賠償范圍如下：--
(1)
對(duì)船舶進(jìn)行修理的，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)獲得合理的修理費(fèi)用減去習(xí)慣扣減后的數(shù)額，但就任何一次事故所支付的數(shù)額不得超過保險(xiǎn)金額；
(2)
僅對(duì)船舶進(jìn)行部分修理的，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)獲得按上述方法計(jì)算的該項(xiàng)修理的合理費(fèi)用，以及對(duì)于未修理損壞所引起的合理貶值的賠償，但是賠款總額不得超過按上述方法計(jì)算的修理全部損壞的費(fèi)用。
(3)
未對(duì)船舶進(jìn)行修理，且在保險(xiǎn)期間未以其受損狀態(tài)出售該船舶的，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)就未經(jīng)修理的損壞所引起的合理貶值獲得賠償，但是賠償數(shù)額不得超過按上述方法計(jì)算的修理此項(xiàng)損壞的合理費(fèi)用。
第70條 運(yùn)費(fèi)的部分損失（Partial loss of freight）
70．Subject to any express provision in the policy, where there is a
partial loss of freight, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the
sum fixed by the policy, in the case of a valued policy or of the insurable
value, in the case of an unvalued policy, as the proportion of freight lost
by the assured bears to the whole freight at the risk of the assured under
the policy.
70．受本保險(xiǎn)任何明示規(guī)定的制約，在發(fā)生, 運(yùn)費(fèi)部分損失之場(chǎng)合，賠償限額為：對(duì)定值保險(xiǎn)單而言，按保險(xiǎn)單上載明的保險(xiǎn)金額或保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例；就不定值保險(xiǎn)單而論，按被保險(xiǎn)人遭受的運(yùn)費(fèi)損失與根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)單被保險(xiǎn)人處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的全部運(yùn)費(fèi)比例。
第71條 貨物、商品等的部分損失（Partial loss of goods, merchandise,
etc.）
71. Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables,
the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is
as follows:
（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by
a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion
of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears
to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an
unvalued policy:
(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by
an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:
(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has
been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such
proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy,
or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the
difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of
arrival bears to the gross sound value:
(4)“Gross value” means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such
price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges,
and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise
customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.
“Gross Proceeds” means the actual price obtained at a sale where all
charges on sale are paid by the sellers.
71.貨物、商品或者其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)發(fā)生部分損失的，除保險(xiǎn)單另有明文規(guī)定外，賠償范圍如下：
(1)
如果定值保險(xiǎn)單承保的貨物、商品或者其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的一部分發(fā)生全損，賠償范圍為保險(xiǎn)單確定的保險(xiǎn)金額中的比例部分，該比例為滅失部分的可保價(jià)值占全部可保價(jià)值的比例部分。可保價(jià)值的確定與不定值保險(xiǎn)相同；
(3)
若不定值保險(xiǎn)單承保的貨物、商品或者其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的一部分發(fā)生全損，賠償范圍為損失部分的可保價(jià)值，可保價(jià)值的確定與全損時(shí)相同；
(4)
如果被保險(xiǎn)貨物或商品的全部或者一部分以受損狀態(tài)運(yùn)抵目的地，賠償范圍以(該貨物、商品的)
完好毛值與受損價(jià)值的差額占完好毛值的比例計(jì)算，在定值保險(xiǎn)單情況下，是保險(xiǎn)單確定的金額的該比例部分，或者，在不定值保險(xiǎn)單情況下，是可保價(jià)值的該比例部分；
(5)
“毛值”是指貨物的批發(fā)價(jià)格，如果沒有這種價(jià)格，則是貨物的估計(jì)價(jià)值，不論哪一種情況，再加上已預(yù)先付訖的運(yùn)費(fèi)、卸貨費(fèi)和關(guān)稅之后的價(jià)值；但是，如果貨物或商品按慣例在關(guān)倉出售，那么關(guān)倉價(jià)格就視為毛值。“毛收入”是指所有出售費(fèi)用均由出售人支付時(shí)獲得的實(shí)際出售價(jià)格。”
第72條 價(jià)值的分配（Apportionment of valuation）
(1) Where different species of property are insured under a single
valuation, the valuation must be apportioned over the different species on
proportion to their respective insurable values, as in the case of an
unvalued policy The insured value of any part of a species in such
proportion of the total insured value of the same as the insurable value of
the part bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained in both
cases as provided by this Act.
(2) Where a valuation has to be apportioned, and particulars of the
prime cost of each separate species, quality, or description of goods cannot
be ascertained, the division of the valuation may be made the net arrived
sound values of the different species, qualities, or description of goods.
72．（1）在不同種類的貨物按一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值保險(xiǎn)之場(chǎng)合，該價(jià)值必須根據(jù)不同貨物本身的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例進(jìn)行分配，如同不定值保險(xiǎn)單的情況一樣。一種貨物的任何部分保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是該貨物全部保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值中占該部分貨物價(jià)值同全部保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例部分。兩種情況下保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值均按本法規(guī)定確定。
（2）在某個(gè)價(jià)值不得不分配，但又不能確定貨物的每個(gè)單獨(dú)種類的原始成本、質(zhì)量或細(xì)節(jié)之情況下，可以根據(jù)不同種類、質(zhì)量或細(xì)節(jié)的貨物的到港完好凈值進(jìn)行劃分。
第73條 共同海損分?jǐn)偤途戎M(fèi)用（General average contributions and salvage
charges）
73（1）Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has paid, or is liable for, any general average contribution, the measure of
indemnity is the full amount of such contribution, if the subject matter
liable to contribution is insured for its full contributory value; but, if
such subject-matter be not insured for its full contributory value, or if
only part of it be insured, the indemnity payable by the insurer must be
reduced in proportion to the under insurance, and where there has been a
particular average loss which constitutes a deduction from the contributory
value, and for which the insurer is liable, that amount must be deducted
from the insured value in order to ascertain what the insurer is liable to
contribute.
（2）Where the insurer is liable for salvage charges the extent of his
liability must be determined on the like principle.
（1）除保單另有規(guī)定外，如果被保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)給付或有責(zé)任給付任何共同海損分?jǐn)偅滟r償限額為：如果負(fù)責(zé)分?jǐn)偟臉?biāo)的物是按分?jǐn)們r(jià)值足額投保的話，應(yīng)按共同海損分?jǐn)側(cè)~賠付；如果該標(biāo)的物未按分?jǐn)們r(jià)值足額投保或只投保了一部分，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)支付的賠償額必須按不足額保險(xiǎn)比例減少，而且如果發(fā)生了應(yīng)從分?jǐn)們r(jià)值內(nèi)扣掉的單獨(dú)海損損失，且保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)此負(fù)有賠償責(zé)任，則應(yīng)從保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值中先予扣除，以便確定保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的分?jǐn)傤~。
(2) 在保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)救助費(fèi)用的情況下，其責(zé)任范圍必須按相似的原則確定。
第74條 對(duì)第三方的責(zé)任（Liabilities to third parties）
74．Where the assured has effected an insurance in express terms against
any liability to a third party, the measure of indemnify, subject to any
express provision in the policy, is the amount paid or payable by him to
such third party in respect of such liability.
74．被保險(xiǎn)人已通過明示條款對(duì)第三方的任何責(zé)任進(jìn)行投保，根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)單上明示條款的規(guī)定，獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)臄?shù)額是其就這一責(zé)任向第三方支付或應(yīng)支付的數(shù)額。
第75條 關(guān)于賠償限額的一般規(guī)定（General provisions as to measure of
indemnity）
75（1）Where there has been a loss in respect of any subject-matter not
expressly provided for in the foregoing provisions of the Act, the measure
of indemnity shall be ascertained, as nearly as may be, in accidence with
those provisions, in so far as applicable to the particular case.
（2） Nothing in the provisions of this Act relating to the measure of
indemnity shall affect the rules relating to double insurance, or prohibit
the insurer from disproving interest wholly or in part, or from showing that
at the time of the loss the whole or any part of the subject-matter insured
was not at risk under the policy.
75.（1）本法前文未予明文規(guī)定的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依據(jù)與該具體情形的適用最相近似的條款來確定賠償范圍。
(2) 本法有關(guān)計(jì)算方法的規(guī)定，
對(duì)有關(guān)重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)的規(guī)則沒有任何影響，并且不阻止保險(xiǎn)人全部或部分否定利益的存在，不阻止保險(xiǎn)人表明在發(fā)生損失時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的全部或一部分并不處于保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下所列的危險(xiǎn)之中。
第76條 單獨(dú)海損保證（Particular average warranties）
76. (1) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from
particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other
than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract
contained in the policy be apportionable; but, if the contract be
apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable
part.
(2) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from particular
average, either wholly or under a certain percentage, the insurer is
nevertheless liable for salvage charges, and for particular charges and
other expenses properly incurred pursuant to the provisions of the suing and
labouring clause in order to avert a loss insured against.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where the subject-matter
insured is warranted free from particular average under a specified
percentage, a general average loss cannot be added to a particular average
loss to make up the specified percentage.
(4) For the purpose of ascertaining whether the specified percentage has
been reached, regard shall be had only to the actual loss suffered by the
subject-matter insured. Particular charges and the expenses of and
incidental to ascertaining and proving the loss must be excluded.
76（1）如果保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的按不賠單獨(dú)海損條款投保，除非保險(xiǎn)合同是可分割的，被保險(xiǎn)人所遭受的部分損失不能獲得賠償，但屬共同海損犧牲的損失可獲賠償；若保險(xiǎn)合同是可分割的，被保險(xiǎn)人就任何可分割部分的全損可獲賠償。
（2）假如保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的按不賠單獨(dú)海損條款投保，無論是全部單損還是一定比例以下的不賠單獨(dú)海損，保險(xiǎn)人都承擔(dān)救助費(fèi)用和根據(jù)施救條款為避免可保損失而合理發(fā)生的特殊費(fèi)用和其他費(fèi)用。
（3）若保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的按一定比例以下的不賠單獨(dú)海損條款投保，共同海損損失不得加入單獨(dú)海損中以求達(dá)到該規(guī)定比例，除非保險(xiǎn)單另有約定。
（4）確定規(guī)定的單獨(dú)海損比例是否達(dá)到時(shí)，只應(yīng)考慮保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的遭受的實(shí)際損失，特別費(fèi)用和有關(guān)確定、證明損失的費(fèi)用必須排除。
第77條 連續(xù)損失（Successive losses）
77.（1）Unless the policy otherwise provides, and subject to the
provisions of this Act, the insurer is liable for successive losses, even
though the total amount of such losses may exceed the sum insured.
（2）Where under the same policy, a partial loss, which has not been
repaired or otherwise made good, is followed by a total loss, the assured
can only recover in respect of the total loss:
Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the liability of the
insurer under the suing and labouring clause.”
77.（1）除保險(xiǎn)單和本法另有規(guī)定外，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)對(duì)連續(xù)損失負(fù)責(zé)，即使這些損失的總額會(huì)超過保險(xiǎn)金額。
（2）在同一保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下，部分損失未經(jīng)修理或以其它方式回復(fù)，接著又發(fā)生全損的，被保險(xiǎn)人只能就該全損獲得賠償：
但是，本款規(guī)定不應(yīng)影響保險(xiǎn)人根據(jù)施救條款所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。
第78條 施救條款（Suing and labouring clause）
78.(1）Where the policy contains a suing and labouring clause, the
engagement thereby entered into is deemed to be supplementary to the
contract of insurance, and the assured may recover from the insurer any
expenses properly incurred pursuant to the clause, notwithstanding that the
insurer may have paid for a total loss, or that the subject matter may have
been warranted free from particular average, either wholly or under a
certain percentage.
（2）General average losses and contributions and salvage charges, as
defined by this Act, are not recoverable under the suing and labouring
clause.
（3）Expenses incurred for the purpose of averting or diminishing any
loss not covered by the policy are not recoverable under the suing and
labouring clause.
（4）It is the duty of the assured and his agents, in all cases, to take
such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimizing
a loss.
78.(1)若保險(xiǎn)合同中含有施救條款，則該項(xiàng)約定應(yīng)視為對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同的補(bǔ)充。被保險(xiǎn)人得因履行該條款所產(chǎn)生的一切合理費(fèi)用，向保險(xiǎn)人請(qǐng)求賠償，即使保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)賠付全損，或者該保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的已經(jīng)訂明單獨(dú)海損之全部或一定的百分比以下不賠，亦不影響該項(xiàng)費(fèi)用之賠償。
(2)本法規(guī)定之共同海損損害及其分?jǐn)偅蚓戎M(fèi)用，均不得依據(jù)施救條款之規(guī)定獲得賠償。
(3)為避免或減少承保范圍以外的損失所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用，也不得依據(jù)施救條款之規(guī)定獲得賠償。
（4）被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人在任何情形下，均應(yīng)采取一切合理措施防止或減少損失。
理賠后保險(xiǎn)人的權(quán)利（Rights of Insurer on Payment）
第79條 代位權(quán)（Right of subrogation）
79.(1) Where the insurer pays for a total loss, either of the whole, or
in the case of goods of any apportionable part, of the subject-matter
insured, he thereupon becomes entitled to take over the interest of the
assured in whatever may remain of the subject-matter so paid for, and he is
thereby subrogated to all the fights and remedies of the assured in and in
respect of that subject-matter as from the time of the casualty.
(2) subject to the foregoing provisions, where the insurer pays for a
partial loss, he acquires no title to the subject-matter insured, or such
part of it as may remain, but he is thereupon subrogated to all rights and
remedies of the assured in and in respect of the subject-matter insured as
from the time of the casualty causing the loss, in so far as the assured has
been indemnified, according to this Act, by such payment for the loss.
79. (1) 保險(xiǎn)人賠付保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的全損之后，
不論賠付的是整體全損，還是貨物的可分割部分的全損，均有權(quán)接管被保險(xiǎn)人在該已賠付保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的上可能留下的任何利益，并從造成保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失的事故發(fā)生之時(shí)起，取得被保險(xiǎn)人在該保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的上的一切權(quán)利和救濟(jì)。
(2)受前述各條款制約，在保險(xiǎn)人賠償部分損失之場(chǎng)合，他并不取得該項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的或其存留部分的所有權(quán)，但是，根據(jù)本法，通過賠付此種損失，自造成損失的事故發(fā)生之時(shí)起，保險(xiǎn)人代位取得被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的一切權(quán)利和救濟(jì)，但以被保險(xiǎn)人已獲賠償額為限。”
第80條 分?jǐn)偟臋?quán)利（Right of contribution）
80.(1) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance, such
insurer is bound, as between himself and the other insurers, to contribute
ratably to the loss in proportion to the amount for which he is liable under
his contract.
(2) If any insurer pays more than his proportion of the loss, he is
entitled to maintain an action for contribution against the other insurers,
and is entitled to the like remedies as a surety who has paid more than his
proportion of the debt.
80.(1)
在被保險(xiǎn)人因重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)而造成超額保險(xiǎn)之場(chǎng)合，各保險(xiǎn)人相互之間有義務(wù)按其合同負(fù)責(zé)的數(shù)額比例分?jǐn)倱p失。
（2）任何保險(xiǎn)人如已賠付了超過其應(yīng)攤比例的損失，有權(quán)向其他保險(xiǎn)人追償攤回，并有權(quán)像已支付超過其債務(wù)比例的保證人那樣，取得同樣的救濟(jì)。
第81條 不足額保險(xiǎn)的后果（Effect of under-insurance）
81.Where the assured is insured for an amount less than the insurable
value or, in the case of a valued policy, for an amount less than the policy
valuation, he is deemed to be his own insurer in respect of the uninsured
balance.
81.在本保險(xiǎn)投保金額少于其可保價(jià)值，或在定值保險(xiǎn)單中，投保的金額少于保險(xiǎn)單價(jià)值之場(chǎng)合，就有關(guān)該未保險(xiǎn)余額，他應(yīng)視為是他自已的保險(xiǎn)人。
保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的退費(fèi)（Return of Premium）
第82條 退費(fèi)（Enforcement of return）
82.Where the premium, or a proportionate part thereof is, by this Act,
declared to be returnable,-
(a) If already paid, it may be recovered by the assured from the
insurer; and
(b) If unpaid, it may be retained by the assured or his agent.
82．凡根據(jù)本法規(guī)定，已申明的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的一個(gè)比例部分可以退還：
(a) 如果保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)已經(jīng)繳付，可由被保險(xiǎn)人向保險(xiǎn)人追回；
(b) 假如未繳付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人可以保留之。
第83條 約定退費(fèi)（Return by agreement）
83.Where the policy contains a stipulation for the return of the
premium, or a proportionate part thereof, on the happening of a certain
event, and that event happens, the premium, or, as the case may be, the
proportionate part thereof, is thereupon returnable to the assured.
83．在保險(xiǎn)單中有發(fā)生某一事件時(shí)退還保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或部分保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的規(guī)定之情況下，當(dāng)發(fā)生該事件時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的比例部分，由保險(xiǎn)人退還給被保險(xiǎn)人。
第84條 缺乏對(duì)價(jià)的退費(fèi)（Return for failure of consideration）
84.(1) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium totally
fails, and there has been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assure
or his agents, the premium is thereupon returnable to the assured.
(2) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium is
apportionable and there is a total failure of any apportionable part of the
consideration, a proportionate part of the premium is, under the like
conditions, thereupon returnable to the assured.
（3）In particular-
(a) Where the policy is void, or is avoided by the insurer as from the
commencement of the risk, the premium is returnable, provided that there has
been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assured; but if the risk is
not apportionable, and has once attached, the premium is not returnable.
(b) Where the subject-matter insured, or part thereof, has never been
imperiled, the premium, or, as the case may be, a proportionate part
thereof, is returnable;
Provided that where the subject-matter has been insured “l(fā)ost or not
lost” and has arrived in safety at the time when the contract is concluded,
the premium is not returnable unless, at such time, the insurer knew of the
safe arrival.
(c) Where the assured has no insurable interest throughout the currency
of the risk, the premium is returnable, proviede that this rule does not
apply to a policy effected by way of gaming or wagering;
(d) Where the assured has a defeasible interest which is terminated
during the currency of the risk, the premium is not returnable;
(e) Where the assured has over-insured under an unvalued policy, a
proportionate part of the premium is returnable;
(f) Subject to the foregoing provisions, where the assured has
over-insured by double insurance, a proportionate part of the several
premiums is returnable;
Provided that, if the policy are effected at different times, and any
earlier policy has at any time borne the entire risk, or if a claim has been
paid on the policy in respect of the full sum insured thereby, no premium is
returnable in respect of that policy, and when the double insurance is
effected knowingly by the assured no premium is returnable.
84.（1）在支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)所考慮的對(duì)價(jià)完全缺乏，且被保險(xiǎn)人及其代理人不存在任何欺詐和非法行為的情況下，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)得退還被保險(xiǎn)人。
（2）在支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)所考慮的對(duì)價(jià)可以分割，且有任何可分割部分完全缺乏之場(chǎng)合，該比例部分的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)得根據(jù)相同條件退還被保險(xiǎn)人。
(3) 特別是：
(a)
如果被保險(xiǎn)人不存在欺詐或非法行為，在保險(xiǎn)人宣布自風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始起，保險(xiǎn)單無效或撤銷保險(xiǎn)單，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)應(yīng)予退回；
但若該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不可分割的，一旦保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任已開始，則保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)不得退回。
(b)
如果保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的或其他部分從未處于危險(xiǎn)之中，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或該比例部分的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)便可退回；
但是，如果保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的是按“無論是否已滅失”條件保險(xiǎn)，且當(dāng)合同訂立時(shí)該條保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的已經(jīng)安全到達(dá)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)亦不得退回，除非訂立合同時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)人已知道其業(yè)已安全到達(dá)。
(c)
如果在整個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在期間，被保險(xiǎn)人無保險(xiǎn)利益，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)可予退回，但這一規(guī)則對(duì)賭博性保險(xiǎn)單不適用。
(d) 如果被保險(xiǎn)人的可撤銷的利益于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在期間終止，則保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)不能退回。
(e) 如被保險(xiǎn)人不定值保險(xiǎn)單中超額保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)得按比例退還一部分。
(f)
除前述條款另有規(guī)定外，若被保險(xiǎn)人經(jīng)重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)而超額保險(xiǎn)，幾筆保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)按比例退還。
但是，如果幾份保險(xiǎn)單在不同時(shí)間開始生效，任何較早訂立的保險(xiǎn)單已在任何時(shí)間承保整個(gè)保險(xiǎn)，或保險(xiǎn)單已就全部保險(xiǎn)金額支付賠償，該保險(xiǎn)單項(xiàng)下的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)不能退回；若被保險(xiǎn)人在明知的情況下訂立重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)不予退還。
相互保險(xiǎn)（Mutual Insurance）
第85條 相互保險(xiǎn)情況下本法的修改（Modification of Act in case of mutual
insurance）
(1) Where two or more persons mutually agree to insure each other
against marine losses there is said to be a mutual insurance.
(2) The provisions of this Act relating to the premium do not apply to
mutual insurance, but a guarantee, or such other arrangement as may be
agreed upon, may be substituted for the premium.
(3) The provisions of this Act, in so far as they may be modified by the
agreement of the parties, may in the case of mutual insurance be modified by
the terms of the polices issued by the association, or by the rules and
regulations of the association.
(4) Subject to the exceptions mentioned in this section, the provision
of this Act apply to a mutual insurance.
85. (1) 兩人或兩人以上彼此同意互相承保海上損失，稱為相互保險(xiǎn)。
（2）本法有關(guān)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，不適用于相互保險(xiǎn)，各方達(dá)成的擔(dān)保或其他類似安排可以替代保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
（3）本法的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，在可由各方協(xié)議修改的范圍內(nèi)，在適用于相互保險(xiǎn)時(shí)，可由保賠協(xié)會(huì)簽發(fā)的保險(xiǎn)單的條件或協(xié)會(huì)的規(guī)則和章程加以修改。
（4）除本條所提及的例外，本法的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定適用于相互保險(xiǎn)。
補(bǔ)充條款（Supplemental）
第86條 被保險(xiǎn)人的認(rèn)可（Ratification by assured）
86.Where a contract of marine insurance is in good faith effected by on
e person on behalf of another, the person on whose behalf it is effected may
rarity the contract even after he is aware of a loss.
86．若某人代表他人善意簽定海上保險(xiǎn)合同，即使在該被代表訂立合同之人知曉損失之后，仍可以追認(rèn)該合同。
第87條 由協(xié)議或習(xí)慣改變的默示義務(wù)（Implied obligations varied by
agreement or usage）
(1) Where any right, duty, or liability would arise under a contract of
marine insurance by implication of law, it may be negatived or varied by
express agreement, or by usage, if the usage by such as to bind both parties
to the contract.
(2) The provisions of this section extend to any right, duty, or
liability declared by this Act which may be lawfully modified by agreement.
87．（1）海上保險(xiǎn)合同因法律的默示而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利、義務(wù)或責(zé)任，均可通過雙方明文協(xié)議或依據(jù)雙方都能接受并受其約束的習(xí)慣否定或修改之。
（2）本條各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，可以擴(kuò)大到本法規(guī)定的經(jīng)協(xié)議合法修改的任何權(quán)利、義務(wù)或責(zé)任。
第88條 合理的時(shí)間等屬于事實(shí)問題（Reasonable time, etc., a question of
fact）
88.Where by this Act any reference is made to reasonable time,
reasonable premium, or reasonable diligence, the question what is reasonable
is a question of fact.
88．在本法提及的任何有關(guān)合理時(shí)間，合理保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，或合理謹(jǐn)慎之場(chǎng)合，何謂合理屬于事實(shí)問題。
第89條 承保條作為證據(jù)（Slip as evidence）
89.Where there is a duly stamped policy, reference may be made, as
heretofore, to the slip or covering note, in any legal proceeding.
89．在保險(xiǎn)單有義務(wù)貼足印花之情況下，滿足印花要求的承保條或承保通知書在法律訴訟中均得作為證據(jù)。
第90條 術(shù)語解釋（Interpretation of terms）
90.In this Act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise
requires,-
“Action” includes counterclaim and set-off;
“Freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner from the
employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well as
freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money;
“Movables” means any movable tangible property, other than the ship,
and includes money, valuable securities, and other documents;
“Policy” means a marine Policy.
90．在本法中除非上下文或所述問題另有要求，
“訴訟”包括反訴和抵銷
“運(yùn)費(fèi)”包括船東使用自已的船舶運(yùn)送自已的貨物或動(dòng)產(chǎn)獲取的利潤，以及由第三者支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)，但不包括客票價(jià)款。
“動(dòng)產(chǎn)”指除船舶之外的任何可移動(dòng)的有形財(cái)產(chǎn)，包括貨幣、有價(jià)證券及其他單證。
“保險(xiǎn)單”指海上保險(xiǎn)單。
第91條 保留 （Savings）
91.(1) Nothing in this Act, or in any repeal effected thereby, shall
affect-
(a) The provisions of the Stamp Act, 1891, or any enactment for the time
being in force relation to the revenue;
(b) The provisions of the Companies Act, 1862, or any enactment amending
or substituted for the same;
(c) The provisions of any statute not expressly repealed by this Act.
(2) The rules of the common law including the law merchant, save in so
far as they are inconsistent with the express provisions of this Act, shall
continue to apply to contracts of marine insurance.
91．（1）本法或任何已廢除的條文不影響：
(a) 1891年《印花稅法》或任何有關(guān)稅收的現(xiàn)行法規(guī)；
(b) 1862年《公司法》或任何對(duì)其修訂或替代的法規(guī)；
(c) 本法未明文廢除的任何法規(guī)條文。
(2) 普通法包括商法除非與本法明文規(guī)定相悖，得繼續(xù)適用于海上保險(xiǎn)合同。
第92條 廢止（Repeals）
92.The enactment mentioned in the Second Schedule of this Act are hereby
repealed to the extent specified in that schedule.
92．本法附件2列舉的各項(xiàng)法律規(guī)定，按該附件所確定的范圍予以廢除。
第93條 生效（Commencement）
93.This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January one
thousand nine hundred and seven.
93．本法自1907年1月1日起生效。
第94條 簡稱（Short title）
94.This Act may be cited as the Marine Insurance Act, 1906.
94．本法得引述為1906年《海上保險(xiǎn)法》。
附件1
Rules for Construction of Policy
保險(xiǎn)單解釋規(guī)則
The following are the rules referred to by this Act for the construction
of a policy in the above or other like form, where the context does not
otherwise require:
下列各條是本法的條文未另行涉及的關(guān)于上述或其他其他類似格式保險(xiǎn)單的解釋規(guī)則：
Lost or not lost
1. Where the subject-matter is insured “l(fā)ost or not lost”, and the
loss has occurred before the contract is concluded, the risk attaches
unless, at such time the assured was aware of the loss, and the insurer was
not.
第1條
在標(biāo)的按“無論損失與否”條件投保，且在訂立合同之前已發(fā)生損失之場(chǎng)合，除非被保險(xiǎn)人在當(dāng)時(shí)已知曉該損失，而保險(xiǎn)人不知情，保險(xiǎn)合同仍然有效。
Form
2. Where the subject-matter is insured “from” a particular place, the
risk does not attach until the ship starts on the voyage insured.
第2條
在標(biāo)的按“從”某一特定地點(diǎn)投保之情況下，在船舶從保險(xiǎn)航程啟航之時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)方始生效。
At and from
3.(a) Where a ship is insured “ at and from” a particular place, and
she is at that place in goods safety when the contract is concluded, the
risk attaches immediately.
(b) If she be not at that place when the contract is concluded the risk
attaches as soon as she arrives there in goods safety, and, unless the
policy otherwise provides, it is immaterial that she is covered by another
policy for a specified time after arrival.
(c) Where chartered freight is insured “ at and from” a particular
place, and the ship is at that place in good safety when the contract is
concluded the risk attaches immediately. If she be not there when the
contract is concluded, the risk attaches as soon as she arrives there in
goods safety.
(d) Where freight, other than chartered freight, is payable without
special conditions and is insured “at and from” a particular place, the
risk attaches pro rata as the goods or merchandise are shipped; provided
that if there be cargo in readiness which belongs to the shipowner, or which
some other person has contracted with him to ship, the risk attaches as soon
as the ship is ready to receive such cargo.
第3條 (a)
在船舶按“在和從”某一特定地點(diǎn)投保，且當(dāng)合同訂立時(shí)船舶已安全停泊于該地之情況下，保險(xiǎn)立即生效。
(b)
如果當(dāng)合同訂立時(shí)船舶不在該地，一矣船舶安全抵達(dá)該地，本保險(xiǎn)即刻生效。除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，船舶抵達(dá)后對(duì)某一特定期間由另一保險(xiǎn)單承保無關(guān)緊要。
(c)
在租船貨運(yùn)按“在和從”某一特定地點(diǎn)承保，且當(dāng)合同訂立時(shí)船舶已安全停泊于該地之場(chǎng)合，保險(xiǎn)立即生效；如果合同訂立時(shí)船舶不在該地，一旦船舶安全抵達(dá)該地，本保險(xiǎn)即刻生效。
(d)
在除了租船貨運(yùn)以外的其他船舶無任何特殊支付條件按“在和從”某一特定地點(diǎn)承保之情況下，保險(xiǎn)得按裝運(yùn)的貨物或商品的比例生效；假如屬船東所有的貨物，或其他人已與船東締約運(yùn)載該貨物已備妥，則一矣船舶作好裝貨準(zhǔn)備，本保險(xiǎn)即生效。
From the loading thereof
4. Where goods or other movables are insured “ from the loading
thereof”, the risk does not attach until such goods or movables are
actually on board, and the insurer is not liable for them while in transit
from the shore to the ship.
第4條
在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)按“從裝船起”承保之場(chǎng)合，在此種貨物或動(dòng)產(chǎn)實(shí)際裝船以前保險(xiǎn)并不生效；保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)其從岸上運(yùn)至船舶期間不承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任。
Safely landed
5.Where the risk on goods or other movables continues until they are
“safely landed”, they must be landed in the customary manner and within a
reasonable time after arrival at the port of discharge, and if they are not
so landed the risk ceases.
第5條
在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)繼續(xù)至“安全地卸下”為止之情況下，標(biāo)的必須按習(xí)慣方式并在抵達(dá)卸貨港的合理時(shí)間內(nèi)卸載，否則本保險(xiǎn)即行終止。
Touch and stay
6. In the absence of any further licence or usage, the liberty to touch
and stay “at any port or place whatsoever” dose not authorize the ship to
depart from the course of her voyage from the port of departure to the port
of destination.
第6條
若無任何進(jìn)一步授權(quán)或習(xí)慣，有關(guān)停靠和停留于“任何港口或地點(diǎn)”的自由，并不授權(quán)船舶背離自啟航港至目的港的航線。
7 .The term ‘perils of the seas’ refers only to fortuitous accident or
casualties of the seas. It does not include the ordinary action of the wind
and waves.
第7條 “海上危險(xiǎn)”術(shù)語僅涉及海上意外事故或?yàn)?zāi)難。它不包括風(fēng)浪的通常作用。
8. The term “Pirates” includes passengers who mutiny and rioters who
attack the ship from the shore.
第8條 “海盜”術(shù)語包括叛亂的乘客和自岸上攻擊船舶的暴徒。
Thieves
9.The term “thieves” does not cover clandestine theft or a theft
committed by any one of the ship’s company, whether crew or passengers.
第9條
“盜竊”術(shù)語不包括秘密偷竊或來自船舶內(nèi)部人員無論是船員或者乘客的偷竊。
Restraint of princes
10.The term “arrest, restraint of kings, princes, and people” refers
to political or executive acts, and does not include a loss caused by riot
or by ordinary judicial process.
第10條
“國王、君主和人民的扣押、管制等”術(shù)語是指政治的或行政的行為，不包括暴亂或普通司法程序所造成的損失。
Barratry
11. The term “barratry” includes every wrongful act willfully
committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner, or, as the
case may be, the charterer.
第11條
“欺詐惡行”術(shù)語指船長或船員的各種損害船東或租船人利益的故意不法行為。
All other perils
12. The term “all other perils” includes only perils similar in kind
to the perils specifically mentioned in the policy.
第12條 “所有其他危險(xiǎn)”術(shù)語僅包括與本保險(xiǎn)列舉的特定危險(xiǎn)相類似的危險(xiǎn)。
Average unless general
13.The term “average unless general” means a partial loss of the
subject-matter insured other than a general average loss, and does not
include. “ particular charges.”
第13條
“海損險(xiǎn)非共同海損”指除了共同海損以外的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的部分損失，其不包括“特殊費(fèi)用”。
Stranded
14. Where the ship has stranded the insurer is liable for the excepted
losses, although the loss is not attributable to the stranding, provided
that when the stranding takes place the risk has attached, and, if the
policy be on goods, that the damaged goods are on board.
第14條
在船舶擱淺之場(chǎng)合，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)對(duì)例外損失負(fù)賠償之責(zé)，盡管該損失并不能歸因于該擱淺，假如當(dāng)擱淺發(fā)生時(shí)保險(xiǎn)已生效，且若是貨物保險(xiǎn)單，該損失的貨物已裝上船。
Ship
15. The term “ship” includes the hull, materials and outfit, stores
and provisions for the officers and crew, and, in the case of vessels
engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for the trade,
and also, in the case of a steamship, the machinery, boilers, and coals and
engine stores, if owned by the assured.
第15條
“船舶”術(shù)語包括船殼、材料和設(shè)備、高級(jí)船員和船員的給養(yǎng)，且若船舶受雇于特別運(yùn)輸，包括該特別運(yùn)輸所需的通常要求的裝置，如果是汽船，包括屬于船東所有的機(jī)器、鍋爐、及煤和機(jī)艙貯備。
Freight
16. The term “freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner
from the employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well
as freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money.
第16條
“運(yùn)費(fèi)”術(shù)語包括船東使用其船舶運(yùn)載自已的貨物或動(dòng)產(chǎn)獲得的利潤，及由第三者支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)，但不包括乘客票款。
Goods
17.The term “goods” means goods in the nature of merchandise, and does
not include personal effects or provisions and stores for use on board.
In the absence of any usage to the contrary, deck cargo and living
animals must be insured specifically, and not under the general denomination
of goods.
第17條
“貨物”術(shù)語是指具有商品性質(zhì)的貨品，不包括個(gè)人財(cái)物或船上供應(yīng)品和儲(chǔ)備品。
若無任何相反的習(xí)慣，甲板貨和活牲畜必須特別投保，而不能按貨物一般分類投保。
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